Abstract
The Yum Kippur War, or as the Egyptians call it The October War, is one of the most important wars in the history of the Middle East between the coalition of Egypt and Syria versus Israel. It occurred at a time when the two superpowers then, the Americans and the Soviet Union, were in engaging in what was called the Cold War. For that every Superpower used to support a certain party of conflict to assure the balance of global dominance isn't affected. This paper reviews American foreign policy during the war in 1973. It concentrates on how the American institutions and foreign policy activists acted and influenced the outcome of the war. The paper finally conducts a counter analysis on what could have happened if the Americans didn’t support the Israelis in the war.
Highlights
October 6 1973 was no ordinary day in the Middle East
It is important to state that the Soviets didn't intend to interfere unilaterally and the message was a matter of threat to the Americans to get them to accept forcing the Israelis to end the war. "[It] was obvious to everyone that carrying out a complicated military operation in the final stages of the war was very risky and almost impossible . . . the issue of sending troops unilaterally came up [at a Politburo meeting]
As Dinitz said to Kissinger after the first few days of the war: “If a massive American airlift to Israel does not start immediately, I'll know that the United States is reneging on its promises and its policy, and we will have to draw very serious conclusions from all this" (Kalb, 1974)
Summary
October 6 1973 was no ordinary day in the Middle East. On this day at exactly 2:00 p.m. (Cairo time), Israel got surprised by two Arab armies launching attacks on its forces. This situation agreed the two superpowers imminent and the day on October 22 the agreement was established between Kissinger and Brezhnev and was translated in the United Nations Security Council under Resolution 338 which stated that a cease-fire shall happen within twelve hours and the Resolution 242 shall be implemented.
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