Superposition of standing waves induced ultra high-resolution atom localization

Abstract

Abstract In this study, we have theoretically demonstrated ultra-high resolution two-dimensional atom localization within a three-level $\lambda$-type atomic medium via superposition of asymmetric and symmetric standing wave fields. Our analysis provides understanding into the precise spatial localization of atomic positions at the atomic level, utilizing advanced theoretical approaches and principles of quantum mechanics. The dynamical behavior of a three-level atomic system is thoroughly analyzed using the density matrix formalism within the realm of quantum mechanics. A theoretical approach is constructed to describe the interaction between the system and external fields, specifically a control field and a probe field. The absorption spectrum of the probe field is thoroughly examined to clarify the spatial
localization of the atom within the proposed configuration. We have theoretically investigated that symmetric and asymmetric superposition phenomena significantly influence the localized peaks within a two-dimensional spatial domain. Specifically, the emergence of one and two sharp localized peaks has been observed within a region of one wavelength domain. We observed notable influences of the intensity of the control field, probe field detuning, and decay rates on atom localization. Ultimately, we have achieved an unprecedented level of ultra-high resolution and precision in localizing an atom within an area smaller than λ/35×λ/35. These findings hold promise for potential applications in domains such as Bose-Einstein condensation, nanolithography, laser cooling, trapping of neutral atoms, and the measurement of center-of-mass wave-functions.