Abstract
Seismological findings show a complex scenario of plume upwellings from a deep thermo-chemical anomaly (superplume) beneath the East African Rift System (EARS). It is unclear if these geophysical observations represent a true picture of the superplume and its influence on magmatism along the EARS. Thus, it is essential to find a geochemical tracer to establish where upwellings are connected to the deep-seated thermo-chemical anomaly. Here we identify a unique non-volatile superplume isotopic signature (‘C’) in the youngest (after 10 Ma) phase of widespread EARS rift-related magmatism where it extends into the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. This is the first sound evidence that the superplume influences the EARS far from the low seismic velocities in the magma-rich northern half. Our finding shows for the first time that superplume mantle exists beneath the rift the length of Africa from the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean offshore southern Mozambique.
Highlights
Seismological findings show a complex scenario of plume upwellings from a deep thermochemical anomaly beneath the East African Rift System (EARS)
In the youngest phase of widespread EARS riftrelated magmatism where it extends into the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea
The massive Jurassic/Early Cretaceous Mozambique Ridge is considered to be an Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) that formed during early Gondwana dispersal in the African–Antarctic corridor[25,26,27,28,29,30,31]
Summary
Seismological findings show a complex scenario of plume upwellings from a deep thermochemical anomaly (superplume) beneath the East African Rift System (EARS). The age of volcanism on the Mozambique Ridge and the Comoro Islands is similar to the overall timing of Late Miocene rift-related magmatism in the magma-rich northern half of the EARS and extending into the Red Sea-Gulf of Aden.
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