Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: promote neuronal regenerative capacity?

Abstract

Currently, we know that neuronal outgrowth during development and regeneration requires a complex interaction of intra- and extracellular molecules such as growth factors, neurotransmitters and extracellular matrix proteins (O’Donnell et al., 2009). Furthermore, the discovery of a broad spectrum of growth-promoting cues has led to novel concepts for therapeutic strategies. However, although our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal regeneration is constantly growing, there is still no therapy for the treatment of brain or spinal cord injuries (SCI) (Filli and Schwab, 2012). Recent attempts have been made to influence regeneration using nano-scaled particles that specifically act at the molecular level (Polak and Shefi, 2015).