Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have lead to the development of a novel contrast media for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPIO). SPIO nanoparticles are used to image inflammation on the cellular level in various settings. This review covers the physicochemical characteristics of SPIO particles as well as relevant animal and clinical studies and discusses the potential of SPIO particles to image cardiac inflammation including cardiac graft rejection. We searched the scientific biomedical databases Medline/PubMed, BioMedCentral, Google Scholar, Ovid and, ProQuest from to 2000 to 2013 for publications relevant to the topic. SPIO nanoparticles due to their unique properties could become a useful tool in imaging cardiac inflammation. However, the task is to find a suitable particle size and coating with corresponding pharmacokinetics, establish the right dose and MRI scan timing for individual applications.
Highlights
Advances in nanotechnology have lead to the development of a novel contrast media for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) – the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPIO)
15-30 nm 30 nm 300 nm metastatic lymph node and macrophage imaging, blood pool agents, cell labeling iron deficiency anemia treatment in patients with chronic kidney disease, macrophage imaging, blood pool agent, cell labeling orally administered for gastrointestinal system imaging
The superparamagnetic contrast media do not leak into interstitium, have a long blood half-life and higher relaxivity. This together with better safety profile and accumulation in macrophages, could make SPIO particles compete with gadolinium contrast agents in the future
Summary
Advances in nanotechnology have lead to the development of a novel contrast media for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) – the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPIO). SPIO nanoparticles are used to image inflammation on the cellular level in various settings. This review covers the physicochemical characteristics of SPIO particles as well as relevant animal and clinical studies and discusses the potential of SPIO particles to image cardiac inflammation including cardiac graft rejection. We searched the scientific biomedical databases Medline/PubMed, BioMedCentral, Google Scholar, Ovid and, ProQuest from to 2000 to 2013 for publications relevant to the topic. SPIO nanoparticles due to their unique properties could become a useful tool in imaging cardiac inflammation. The task is to find a suitable particle size and coating with corresponding pharmacokinetics, establish the right dose and MRI scan timing for individual applications.
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