Abstract
Many supermassive black holes (SMBH) of mass 106∼9M⊙ are observed at the center of each galaxy even in the high redshift (z≈7) Universe. To explain the early formation and the common existence of SMBH, we previously proposed the SMBH formation scenario by the gravitational collapse of the coherent dark matter (DM) composed from the Bose-Einstein Condensed (BEC) objects. A difficult problem in this scenario is the inevitable angular momentum which prevents the collapse of BEC. To overcome this difficulty, in this paper, we consider the very early Universe when the BEC-DM acquires its proper angular momentum by the tidal torque mechanism. The balance of the density evolution and the acquisition of the angular momentum determines the mass of the SMBH as well as the mass ratio of BH and the surrounding dark halo (DH). This ratio is calculated as MBH/MDH≈10−3∼−5(Mtot/1012M⊙)−1/2 assuming simple density profiles of the initial DM cloud. This result turns out to be consistent with the observations at z≈0 and z≈6, although the data scatter is large. Thus, the angular momentum determines the separation of black and dark, i.e., SMBH and DH, in the original DM cloud.
Highlights
Many supermassive black holes (SMBH) of mass 106∼9 M are observed at the center of each galaxy even in the high redshift (z ≈ 7) Universe
We have discussed the origin of SMBH formed from the Bose-Einstein Condensed (BEC)-dark matter (DM), solving the angular momentum problem
This scenario has been needed to guarantee the very early formation and the common existence of SMBH suggested from recent observations
Summary
All the structures in the present Universe are rotating. They may collide with each other and the entire rotation may not be apparent. If we regard that the above scaling law reflects the hierarchical turbulent structure in each class of ingredient, the parameter e determines the steady flow of energy, angular momentum, as well as the ingredient object. All the compact structures in the Universe may be formed in this flow as stagnation mainly at the smallest scales in each class According to this picture, we may naturally expect that the dust forms planets, the gas forms stars as well as stellar size BH, and in particular, the DM forms galaxies as well as SMBH. Since the gravity confines such drop-out material into compact objects, the structure formation must be taking place at each smallest end of the class This stagnation in the steady turbulent flow may be the general origin of astronomical structures such as planets, stars, and galaxies.
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