Abstract
Photovoltaic currents along the c axis have been measured in α-phase LiNbO3 proton-exchanged waveguides at several visible wavelengths for a guided-beam configuration. The light-intensity dependence is superlinear and all experimental curves are very well fitted by computer simulations using a two-centre model, with Fe2+/Fe3+ as primary and NbLi4+/NbLi5+ as secondary photovoltaic centres. The superlinear behaviour arises from a much higher effective photovoltaic length of NbLi4+ (small polaron) compared with that of Fe2+. In β1-phase guides, the photocurrents are much smaller than in α-phase guides and apparently do not show superlinear behaviour.
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