Superiority of photon subtraction to addition for entanglement in a multimode squeezed vacuum

Abstract

We investigate the entanglement patterns of photon-added and -subtracted four-mode squeezed vacuum states. Entanglements in different scenarios are analyzed by varying the number of photons added or subtracted in certain modes, which are referred to as the "player" modes, the others being "spectators." We find that the photon-subtracted state can give us higher entanglement than the photon-added state which is in contrast of the two-mode situation. We also study the logarithmic negativity of the two-mode reduced density matrix obtained from the four-mode state which again shows that the state after photon subtraction can possess higher entanglement than that of the photon-added state, and we then compare it to that of the two-mode squeezed vacuum state. Moreover, we examine the non-Gaussianity of the photon-added and -subtracted states to find that the rich features provided by entanglement cannot be captured by the measure of non-classicality.