Superior Vena Caval Obstruction: King Khalid University Hospital Experience

Abstract

A five year experience in 21 patients with superior vena caval obstruction (SVCO) was reviwed. SVCO was due to benign conditions in four patients (19%) and malignant tumors in 17 patients (81%). Lymphoma and lung cancer were the most common causes encountered. The most common symptoms and signs were facial swelling, shortness of breath, jugular venous distention, swelling of face and arms, and engorgement of thoracic veins. Benign disorders had a longer duration of symptoms before presentation and required longer time to make the diagnosis than in malignant disorders. No serious complications resulted from the superior vena cava obstruction itself or the investigate procedures leading to the diagnosis. Prognosis and response to treatment were dependent on the underlying cause of SVCO. Chemotherapy was effective in induction of complete regression of SVCO in the majority of patients with underlying malignant disorders. We conclude that SVCO should be approached invasively for diagnosis and tissue diagnosis of the underlying disorder should dictate the appropriate therapy.