Superhydrophobic-based corrosion mitigation systems and their effectiveness on dissimilar and similar friction stir spot-weld joint aerospace alloys

Abstract

Traditional rivets have been a longstanding choice for securing aircraft components as permanent fasteners. A new technique called friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is gaining popularity as a rivet replacement. Despite its advantages, dissimilar FSSW joints are susceptible to corrosion, which can lead to property degradation. This study explored the potential of superhydrophobic (SH) coating as a corrosion inhibitor for FSSW joint aerospace alloys, particularly aluminum alloy (AA). The study involved a comparison of the corrosion resistance between SH-coated dissimilar (AA2024-T3 and AA7075-T6) and similar (AA2024-T3 and AA2024-T3) FSSW joint specimens. Notably, SH-coated dissimilar FSSW joint specimens demonstrated an exceptional average water contact angle (WCA) of 156°, confirming their SH nature. The study further incorporated the design of experiments (DOE) and statistical analysis to optimize constituent parameters and enhance the performance of SH coating. Durability testing indicated that SH-coated dissimilar FSSW joint specimens exhibited high resistance to acetone without influencing the WCA of 148°. Only a slight decrease in the WCA was observed when specimens were submerged in an acidic solution, where the WCA reduced to 142° from the original WCA of 158°. Also, specimens were stable and maintained the WCA of 154° when heat-treated at the temperature of 230 ℃. Moreover, a cross-cut adhesion test revealed that less than 5 % of the coating material was lost in SH-coated dissimilar FSSW joint specimens. Additionally, the electrochemical study evaluated the anti-corrosion performance of SH-coated dissimilar FSSW joint specimens, where the specimens were immersed for 6 days in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. After 6 days in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, specimens remained very close to SH, maintaining the WCA above 140°. Also, the electrochemical results demonstrated that the anti-corrosion performance of the SH-coated dissimilar FSSW joint specimens was enhanced with a lower corrosion rate of 37.56 mpy and current density of 0.428 µA/cm² as compared to the uncoated specimens. The variations in corrosion rates and current densities of the SH-coated dissimilar and similar FSSW joint specimens were very minimal, which proves that the application of SH coating on the FSSW joint specimens is suitable to alleviate corrosion-related problems in FSSW joints.