Abstract
The use of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies is an attractive option to support wide-scale monitoring applications, such as the ones that can be found in precision agriculture, environmental monitoring and industrial automation. The IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee cluster-tree topology is a suitable topology to build wide-scale WSNs. Despite some of its known advantages, including timing synchronisation and duty-cycle operation, cluster-tree networks may suffer from severe network congestion problems due to the convergecast pattern of its communication traffic. Therefore, the careful adjustment of transmission opportunities (superframe durations) allocated to the cluster-heads is an important research issue. This paper proposes a set of proportional Superframe Duration Allocation (SDA) schemes, based on well-defined protocol and timing models, and on the message load imposed by child nodes (Load-SDA scheme), or by number of descendant nodes (Nodes-SDA scheme) of each cluster-head. The underlying reasoning is to adequately allocate transmission opportunities (superframe durations) and parametrize buffer sizes, in order to improve the network throughput and avoid typical problems, such as: network congestion, high end-to-end communication delays and discarded messages due to buffer overflows. Simulation assessments show how proposed allocation schemes may clearly improve the operation of wide-scale cluster-tree networks.
Highlights
IntroductionWith the increasing technological advances of Micro-Electro-Mechanical devices [1], including its processing and storing capabilities, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have become an attractive technology to deploy wide-scale applications, such as: environmental monitoring, precision agriculture, smart buildings and cities, industrial automation and military [2,3]
With the increasing technological advances of Micro-Electro-Mechanical devices [1], including its processing and storing capabilities, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have become an attractive technology to deploy wide-scale applications, such as: environmental monitoring, precision agriculture, smart buildings and cities, industrial automation and military [2,3].WSNs are special wireless ad hoc networks composed of a large number of low-power, low-cost and low-rate devices, which are capable of sensing, processing and sending information related to environment variables [4]
We focus our study on ZigBee-based cluster-tree topologies, due to some of its specific features, such as suitability to deploy wide-scale networks with energy-efficiency Quality of Service (QoS), which are common requirements for typical WSN monitoring applications
Summary
With the increasing technological advances of Micro-Electro-Mechanical devices [1], including its processing and storing capabilities, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have become an attractive technology to deploy wide-scale applications, such as: environmental monitoring, precision agriculture, smart buildings and cities, industrial automation and military [2,3]. WSNs are special wireless ad hoc networks composed of a large number of low-power, low-cost and low-rate devices, which are capable of sensing, processing and sending information related to environment variables [4]. This type of network may be able to actuate over the monitored environment, through the use of special devices called actuators. The CH is responsible for building its own cluster, managing nodes’ association and providing synchronisation mechanisms and intra-cluster communication
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