Superfast Set, Strong and Less Degradable Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Cement.

Abdullah Alqedairi,Ensanya Ali Abou Neel,Eugene A Pantera,Carlos A Muñoz-Viveros,Hussam Alfawaz,Marc Campillo-Funollet,Tariq S Abuhaimed

doi:10.1155/2017/3019136

Abstract

Purpose Despite the good sealing ability and biocompatibility of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), its slow setting, high degradation, and weakness limit its use in surgical endodontics and high stress-bearing areas. This study aimed to develop two new liquids to control these drawbacks. They were prepared from calcium chloride, fumed silica, and hydroxyapatite or calcium phosphate and coded “H” and “P,” respectively. Methods Portland cement, Grey ProRoot® MTA, and white ProRoot MTA were mixed with distilled water (control) or liquid “H” or “P.” The pH, setting time, degradation rate, leachant/precipitate' composition, compressive strength, and morphology were assessed. Results Both liquids maintained MTA's high alkalinity and reduced the setting time by 1-2 orders of magnitude. Both liquids, H in particular, significantly reduced the degradation rate of Grey ProRoot and White ProRoot MTA®. Calcite has been identified as the main phase of the leachant or precipitate formed during the cement's degradation. Calcium hydroxide or hydroxyapatite was also identified with Grey ProRoot MTA mixed with H liquid. These liquids also significantly increased the compressive strength with no statistical differences between them; this was associated with the production of dense, consolidated structures. Conclusions The modified MTA could be used in surgical endodontics and high stress-bearing areas.

Highlights

Portland cement (PC) is a mixture of di- and tricalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracalcium aluminoferrite [1]
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was initially available in the market as a grey-colored ProRoot MTA (GMTA)
MTA has proved to be a material of choice for many clinical applications in dentistry, its long setting time, weakness, and high degradation are the major disadvantages that may jeopardize its integrity

Summary

Introduction

Portland cement (PC) is a mixture of di- and tricalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracalcium aluminoferrite [1]. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a type I PC that contains 50–75 wt% calcium oxide (CaO) and 15–25 wt% silicon dioxide (SiO2) [2, 3]. MTA was developed by Lee and coworkers 1993 [4] and FDA approved as vital pulp capping material in 1997 [5] and as a perforation repair material and apical plug during apexification in 1998 [6]. The FDA supported the safety and effectiveness of MTA as a root-end filling material [7]. Due to aesthetic concerns with GMTA, a white ProRoot MTA (WMTA) formulation was introduced in 2002 [8]. Unlike PC, both GMTA and WMTA contain 20% bismuth oxide as radiopacifier [9] and calcium sulfate (CaSO4, 5 wt%) to regulate their setting time [10, 11]

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