Abstract
ABSTRACTHydrogen production by catalytic gasification in supercritical water (SCW) is a promising way to utilise biomass resource. Supercritical water not only provides homogeneous and rapid reaction environment for the biomass gasification but also causes catalyst agglomeration problems. In order to prepare activity and stable catalyst for biomass gasification in supercritical water, supercritical water synthesis method was utilised and the preparation method was investigated. Ni, Co, Zn and Cu metal elements were loaded on TiO2 particles which was proved to be hythothermally steady in supercritical water. And nano-particles were successfully made. Based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS), scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction analysis methods, it turned out that metal catalysts have a uniform spherical structure with diameter around 30 nm. Metal catalysts synthesised with supercritical hydrothermal method showed certain catalytic effects. Ni catalyst had the best performance in stability while Zn catalyst possessed highest hydrogen yield.
Highlights
There are abundant biofuels of different kinds all around the world
Co, Zn and Cu metal elements were loaded on TiO2 particles which was proved to be hythothermally steady in supercritical water
In order to synthesise TiO2-based catalyst particles in supercritical water (SCW), titanium sulphate was used as the precursor and the main pathway was showed as follows [34,35]: TiðSO4Þ2 C 4H2O ! TiðOHÞ4 C 2H2SO4 (1)
Summary
There are abundant biofuels of different kinds all around the world. present utilisation of direct combustion causes severe environmental pollution, the efficiency of combustion is relatively low [1,2]. It is necessary to provide enough air because combustion needs a gaseous phase, great amount of inert N2 lowers overall thermal efficiency. Considering that normal catalysts are very easy to sinter and lose their catalytic effects in SCW, right method to prepare catalyst is of great importance [14,15,16,17,18]. The influence of preparation temperature upon catalyst topography was investigated. Multiple analysis methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were conducted for the catalysts before and after reaction. Based on gasification results of furfural in SCW, different metal catalysts were discussed and compared
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