Abstract
The supercritical water gasification process is an alternative to both conventional gasification as well as anaerobic digestion as it does not require drying and the process takes place at much shorter residence times; a few minutes at most. The drastic changes in the thermo-physical properties of water from the liquid state to the supercritical state make it a promising technology for the efficient conversion of wet biomass into a product gas that after upgrading can be used as substitute natural gas. The earliest research goes back as far as the 1970s and since then, supercritical water has been the subject of many research works in the field of thermochemical conversion of wet biomass. This article reviews the state of the art of the supercritical water gasification technology starting from the thermophysical properties of water and the chemistry of reactions to the process challenges of such a biomass based supercritical water gasification process plant.
Highlights
Ever since the industrial revolution, global energy demand and consumption has increased drastically and it is predicted to increase even more in the near future
Supercritical water gasification is considered to be a promising technology for the efficient conversion of wet biomass into a product gas that after upgrading can be used as substitute natural gas
Even though thermodynamic equilibrium models predict the product compounds formed in reactors, one needs to model the performance of the other equipment in such a biomass based supercritical water gasification processing plant in order to gain insight into the whole process performance
Summary
Ever since the industrial revolution, global energy demand and consumption has increased drastically and it is predicted to increase even more in the near future. In OECD Europe, natural gas consumption will increase from 540 to 680 billion cubic meters from 2015 to 2040. An alternative method applied for the conversion of wet biomass such as sewage sludge, cattle manure and food industry waste is anaerobic digestion. This process is characterized by a slow reaction and typical residence times are almost 2–4 weeks. The supercritical water gasification process is an alternative to both conventional gasification as well as the anaerobic digestion processes for conversion of wet biomass. This article reviews the state of the art in supercritical water gasification technology, starting from the thermophysical properties of water and the chemistry of reactions to the process challenges of such a supercritical water gasification of a biomass processing unit
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