Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Peel and Pulp.

José Villacís-Chiriboga,John Van Camp,Jenny Ruales,Edwin Vera,Kathy Elst,Stefan Voorspoels,Maarten Uyttebroek

doi:10.3390/foods10092201

Abstract

The potential of supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) for the extraction of bioactive compounds from mango by-products was assessed. Carotenoid extraction was optimized using a design of experiments based on temperature (35, 55 and 70 °C), pressure (10 and 35 MPa) and co-solvent addition (0%, 10% and 20% of ethanol or acetone). Moreover, the co-extraction of phenolic acids, flavonoids and xanthonoids was evaluated in a subset of parameters. Finally, a comparison was made between SC-CO2 and a two-step organic solvent extraction of the bioactive compounds from the pulp and peel fractions of two Ecuadorian varieties. The optimal extraction temperature was found to be dependent on the bioactive type, with phenolics requiring higher temperature than carotenoids. The optimal overall conditions, focused on maximal carotenoids recovery, were found to be 55 °C, 35 MPa and 20% of ethanol. The main carotenoid was β-carotene, while phenolics differed among the varieties. The bioactive content of the peel was up to 4.1-fold higher than in the pulp fraction. Higher antioxidant activity was found in the extracts obtained with organic solvents. SC-CO2 is a promising technology for the isolation of valuable compounds from mango by-products.

Highlights

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is among the most traded tropical fruits in the world with around 48 thousand tons produced in 2017
The concentration of total carotenoids determined for the extracts performed with supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) in all the varieties in this study was similar to the range reported by Haque et al (2015) [31] in different mango varieties from Bangladesh extracted with n-hexane, but lower than the results reported by GarciaMendoza et al (2015) [8] in mango peels with non-modified SC-CO2
Through the results delivered in the present study, it was possible to evaluate the effect of process parameters on the extraction of carotenoids and phenolics from mango byproducts via supercritical CO2 extraction

Summary

Introduction

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is among the most traded tropical fruits in the world with around 48 thousand tons produced in 2017. Stones (45–85%) are discarded after industrial processing of the fruit Such by-products represent a significant material source of compounds with potentially high commercial value and applicability for various purposes. In this line, the concept of biorefinery aims to produce valuable chemicals, food, feed and energy by using biomass as feedstock through various transformation steps. For mango, several studies have stated that its by-products could potentially be used for the extraction of macro molecules such as pectins, oils and starch, and bioactive compounds such as carotenoids and phenolics [1]. Polyphenols of mango have been shown to exert chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory activities [4] Such activities make of mango by-products a potential source of compounds with application in various industrial sectors

Methods

Results

Conclusion