Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Antisolvent Fractionation for the Sustainable Concentration of Lavandula luisieri (Rozeira) Riv.- Mart Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Compounds and Comparison with Its Conventional Extracts.

Carlota Giménez-Rota,María J Hernáiz,Carmen Rota,Ana M Mainar,Susana Lorán

doi:10.3390/plants8110455

Carlota Giménez-Rota, María J Hernáiz + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8110455

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Abstract

Lavandula stoechas subsp. luisieri is a Spanish subspecies from the Lamiaceae family. Its essential oil has been traditionally used for several medical applications though little is known about other extracts. Similar to many other studies aiming to obtain traditional plant extracts to be used in different applications, this work evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Lavandula luisieri extracts and the correlation with their composition. Traditional hydrodistillation and ethanolic maceration were used to obtain the essential oil and the maceration extract, respectively. A green and sustainable methodology was applied to the maceration extract that was under a Supercritical Antisolvent Fractionation process to obtain a fine solid enriched in rosmarinic acid and the terpenes oleanolic and ursolic acids. Antimicrobial activities of all extracts and pure identified compounds (rosmarinic and ursolic acids) were evaluated against five bacterial strains; Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli and were compared with the pure compounds identified, rosmarinic and ursolic acids. All strains were sensitive against L. luisieri essential oil. The solid product obtained from the supercritical process was concentrated in the identified actives compared to the maceration extract, which resulted in higher antimicrobial and DPPH scavenging activities. The supercritical sustainable process provided L. luisieri compounds, with retention of their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, in a powder exemptof organic solvents with potential application in the clinical, food or cosmetic fields.

Highlights

Plants have been used since ancient times for their perfume, flavor, and preservative properties in a variety of products and applications with medicinal and cosmetic uses [1] because of their secondary metabolites with diverse bioactivities [2]
It is estimated that over a hundred of new natural product-based leads are under clinical development [3] to prevent and treat chronic illnesses, whose physiopathology is based on oxidative stress, such as cardiovascular problems, diabetes or Alzheimer disease [4]
Regarding this same Lavandula luisieri population, other authors [18] obtained similar yield extraction (12.5%), it was obtained with ethanol in a Soxhlet apparatus

Summary

Introduction

Plants have been used since ancient times for their perfume, flavor, and preservative properties in a variety of products and applications with medicinal and cosmetic uses [1] because of their secondary metabolites with diverse bioactivities [2]. It is estimated that over a hundred of new natural product-based leads are under clinical development [3] to prevent and treat chronic illnesses, whose physiopathology is based on oxidative stress, such as cardiovascular problems, diabetes or Alzheimer disease [4]. Besides 1,8-cineole, lavandulol, linalool and their acetates, found in other Lavandula species, L. luisieri possesses a series of compounds with a 1,2,2,3,4-pentamethylcyclopentane (necrodane) structure [6,7,8,9]. These constituents have only been previously found in the defensive secretions of the beetle Necrodes surinamensis and in the sexual pheromone of the grape mealybug Pseudococcus maritimus [10]. Only two other studies have obtained its extract but a high temperature was applied [8,21]

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