Abstract
Andrographis paniculata extracts were precipitated using the so-called supercritical antisolvent (SAS) technique. Ethanol was used as the solvent and compressed CO 2 as the antisolvent. The effects of process operating conditions (pressure: 5–24 MPa, temperature: 308–328 K and CO 2 flow rate: 0.5–1.5 g/min) on particle size and morphology of precipitated andrographolide were evaluated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed significant changes in andrographolide morphology depending on process operating conditions; both column-like and slice-like crystals were observed depending on operating conditions. Crystals with mean diameters of 3.30–228.35 μm were produced, smaller crystals were obtained at high pressure, low temperature and high CO 2 flow rate and vice versa for large crystals. In addition, SAS process also produced high precipitation yields, since solubility of andrographolide is small in the supercritical CO 2 plus ethanol. When operating under subcritical conditions, amorphous particles were produced.
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