Supercondutividade magnética

Abstract

This paper serves as a primer on superconductivity, inviting students for further investigation. Although the theory of superconductivity is a many-body quantum theory, here we take a more didactic route based on thermodynamics and symmetry. We briefly survey the more than a century-old field and provide a one-sentence definition of a superconductor. Surprisingly, many textbooks lack such a definition, usually introducing superconductors through their properties rather than by definition. We explain the concept of an order parameter, symmetry, and symmetry breaking. Based on this, we clarify the difference between conventional and unconventional superconductors, which is frequently a confusing topic for newcomers. We provide the reader with a taste of a current research topic in the field of unconventional superconductivity and magnetism. For this, we explain the concept of time-reversal symmetry breaking in condensed matter physics, which is usually associated with a form of magnetism. Here, we show that time-reversal symmetry might be broken in superconductors, leading to magnetic properties due to superconductivity itself. For this purpose, we utilize the method of the Ginzburg-Landau theory for phase transitions. We discuss the field of chiral superconductivity and guide the interested reader to further study.