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Abstract
Superconductor electronics combines passive and active superconducting components and sometimes normal resistors into functional circuits and systems that also include room-temperature electronics for amplification, power sources, necessary controls, etc., usually computer operated. Furthermore, complete systems include magnetic and electromagnetic shielding, cryogenic enclosures, and increasingly a cryocooler in self-contained units. Components or devices of low or high critical temperature superconductors include inductances (coils), passive transmission lines, resonators, antennae, filters, as well as active elements: Josephson junctions, Josephson oscillators, and superconducting quantum interference devices. Of multiple demonstrated applications, mostly but not only in science and metrology, currently most successful are voltage standards, astronomy detectors and large telescope cameras, instruments for material characterization, and magnetometers for geomagnetic prospecting. Major current efforts concentrate on energy-efficient high-end computing and quantum computing. The outcomes of these efforts are likely to be known in the course of the following decade.
Highlights
Superconductor electronics (SCE) are functional electronic circuits incorporating active and passive elements that are superconducting below the critical temperature (Tc)
Such a device is periodically flying in a stratospheric balloon [42] of the mission terahertz and submillimeter limb sounder (TELIS)
The principle of superconducting kinetic detector is that the incidence of photons or other energetic particles generates quasiparticles of sufficiently low concentration that the sensing element remains in superconducting state
Summary
Superconductor electronics (SCE) are functional electronic circuits incorporating active (nonlinear) and passive (linear) elements that are superconducting below the critical temperature (Tc). Conventional superconductors with Tc higher than that of Nb, such as niobium nitrides, carbonitrides and MgB2 are rarely used, the latter may have some future in applications In spite of their Tc and fg, an order of magnitude higher than in the case of Nb, the unconventional (d band) superconductors (HTS materials), typically represented by rareearth cuprates such as YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO), found far only limited use in electronics, mostly in passive devices such as high-frequency resonators and filters and in portable magnetometers.
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