Abstract
We apply the spin-wave theory with the additional constraint of zero staggered magnetization to investigate the two-dimensional t–J model in the paramagnetic state in the ranges of hole concentrations 0.02 ≲ x ≲ 0.17 and temperatures T ≲ 100 K. In this region the hole spectrum is nonmetallic and contains a pseudogap with properties similar to those observed in Bi2212 photoemission. The calculated spin correlation length, susceptibility, spin-lattice relaxation times at the Cu and O sites and Cu spin-echo decay time are in qualitative and in some cases in quantitative agreement with experiment in underdoped YBa2Cu3O 6+y. The temperature dependences of these quantities are typical for the quantum disordered regime with a pseudogap in the spectrum of magnetic excitations. In the Eliashberg formalism the hole–magnon interaction was found to be unable alone to give rise to superconductivity. With inclusion of a moderate interaction with apex oxygen vibrations, high-T c 's are obtained for even frequency dx2-y2 pairing.
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