Abstract
Superconducting processor based on single flux quantum (SFQ) technology is a promising solution for cryogenic computing with high-speed operation at extremely low power. However, energy-efficient data link from <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 4\text{K}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> operation to room temperature (RT) users has been remained as a key challenger to be resolved. In this work, we report the 5K performance of 51.56 Gb/s PAM-4 optical data link from a VCSEL, coupled by free-space optics inside cryostat to RT receiver through cryostat optical window. Finally, a superconducting bit pattern generator (BPG) is used to modulate a VCSEL at 4 K: 12.5 Gb/s NRZ error-free optical data transmission and 20 Gb/s NRZ open eye-diagrams are demonstrated via an OM4 fiber coupled directly to the VCSEL at 4 K inside cryostat and linked to the outside receiver at RT.
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