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Abstract
We demonstrate superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) for the wavelength at around 2 μm. The linewidth of the NbN nanowire is squeezed to 56 nm to increase the intrinsic response efficiencies at longer wavelengths such as 2 μm. Serially connecting avalanche architecture is applied to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the response signal. Further, the optical cavity is optimized to improve the absorption of the device. A silica single-mode fiber is adopted to introduce photons to the SNSPD at a temperature of 2.25 K using a Gifford–McMahon cryocooler. The SNSPD exhibits detection efficiencies of 58%, 67%, and 63% at wavelengths of 1550, 1700, and 2000 nm, respectively, with dark count rate of ∼12 kcps, which is reduced to 2 cps when the attached fiber pigtail is all placed inside the 40-K cryostat. The detection efficiency at 2000 nm is 2.5 times greater than that of the best previously developed detector with an efficiency of 25%. Our SNSPD is promising for practical applications in molecular science and earth meteorology.
Highlights
Superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) demonstrate a low dark count rate, minimal timing jitter, short reset time, and near unity detection efficiency in the visible-tonear-infrared spectral range
We demonstrate superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) for the wavelength at around 2 μm
SNSPDs fabricated via superconducting materials with gap energies in ∼meV are natural broadband detectors and function in both visible and infrared wavelengths
Summary
Superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) demonstrate a low dark count rate, minimal timing jitter, short reset time, and near unity detection efficiency in the visible-tonear-infrared spectral range. They outperform other single-photon detectors (SPDs) such as Si and InGaAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs) and vacuum photomultipliers (PMTs). Marsili et al have reported SNSPDs made of polycrystalline niobium nitride (NbN) nanowires that exhibited detection efficiencies of about 2.6%–5.5% with an intrinsic dark count rate (DCR) of about 15 cps at wavelengths ranging from 0.5 to 5 μm [12]. The high efficiency single photon detector at 2000 nm is appealing for various applications, such as overtone spectroscopy of H2O clusters [20], [21], earth meteorology of cloud characteristic invers [22], high-resolution characterization of quantum dots [23] and remote sensing Lidar [10], [24]
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