Abstract
Superradiance, i.e., spontaneous emission of coherent radiation by an ensemble of two-level atoms in collective states introduced by Dicke in 1954, is one of the enigmatic problems of quantum optics. The startling gist is that even though the atoms have no dipole moment they radiate with increased intensity in particular directions. Following the advances in our understanding of superradiant emission by atoms in entangled W-states we examine the quantum statistical properties of superradiance. Such investigations require the system to have at least two excitations in order to explore the photon-photon correlations of the radiation emitted by such states. We present specifically results for the spatially resolved photon-photon correlations of systems prepared in doubly excited W-states and give conditions when the atomic system emits nonclassial light. Equally, we derive the conditions for the occurrence of bunching and even of superbunching, a rare phenomenon otherwise known only from nonclassical states of light like the squeezed vacuum. We finally investigate the photon-photon cross correlations of the spontaneously scattered light and highlight the nonclassicalty of such correlations. The theoretical findings can be implemented with current technology, e.g., using ions in a linear rf-trap, atoms in an optical lattice or quantum dots in a cavity.
Highlights
Superradiance, i.e., spontaneous emission of coherent radiation by an ensemble of two-level atoms in collective states introduced by Dicke in 1954, is one of the enigmatic problems of quantum optics
We present results for the spatially resolved photon-photon correlations of systems prepared in doubly excited W-states and give conditions when the atomic system emits nonclassial light
To analyze the phenomenon Dicke introduced the concept of collective spins where N two level atoms are described by the collective spin eigenstates N /2, M, with M running from M = − N /2, ..., + N /2 in steps of unity
Summary
Daniel Bhatti[1,2], Joachim von Zanthier1,3 & Girish S. Following the advances in our understanding of superradiant emission by atoms in entangled W-states we examine the quantum statistical properties of superradiance Such investigations require the system to have at least two excitations in order to explore the photon-photon correlations of the radiation emitted by such states. One has access to the photon-photon correlations which display amongst others the particular quantum characteristics of the spontaneously scattered radiation[30,31,32] To this end it is required to investigate what we will term two-photon superradiance from generalized W-states with ne ≥ 2 excitations. In the present paper we show that in two-photon superradiance the emitted radiation can exhibit both bunched as well as nonclassical and antibunched light depending on the angle of observation, i.e., the position of the detectors collecting the scattered photons, and on the particular W-state, i.e., the number of atoms N and the number of excitations ne, considered. The theoretical predictions could be verified experimentally, e.g., using ions localized in a linear rf-trap or atoms trapped in an optical lattice
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