Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people and claimed thousands of lives. Starting in China, it is arguably the most precipitous global health calamity of modern times. The entire world has rocked back to fight against the disease and the COVID-19 vaccine is the prime weapon. Even though the conventional vaccine development pipeline usually takes more than a decade, the escalating daily death rates due to COVID-19 infections have resulted in the development of fast-track strategies to bring in the vaccine under a year’s time. Governments, companies, and universities have networked to pool resources and have come up with a number of vaccine candidates. Also, international consortia have emerged to address the distribution of successful candidates. Herein, we summarize these unprecedented developments in vaccine science and discuss the types of COVID-19 vaccines, their developmental strategies, and their roles as well as their limitations.
Highlights
Our World is facing a once-in-a-century pandemic, i.e., coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 [1]
A replicating viral vector vaccine from The Institut Pasteur based on measles vector technology, CoroFlu influenza virus from University of Wisconsin and an influenza vector expressing receptor-binding domain (RBD) vaccine from University of Hong Kong are in pre-clinical trials [29]
UMC Utrecht and Radboud University, Netherlands are investigating the efficacy of bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine in reducing absenteeism among healthcare workers involved in COVID-19 patient care (NCT04328441)
Summary
Our World is facing a once-in-a-century pandemic, i.e., coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 [1]. The temperature drop during winter appears to induce a second peak of COVID-19 infection in several countries across Europe [1, 2] This poses a serious threat to human life and massive loss to the global economy. Vaccines when administered into the human body enable the immune system to recognize the antigens of the microorganisms and trigger a strong immune response by producing the antibodies against the pathogens This blocks the replication of the pathogen on infection and prevents development of the disease. Vaccine development is highly imperative for preventing the outspread of SARS-CoV-2 infection and helps in reducing the morbidity and mortality of the COVID-19 This novel coronavirus was first isolated by Chinese research groups based on their findings in the Wuhan COVID-19 patients. We discuss the process and progress of different types of vaccines against COVID-19
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