Abstract
ABSTRACT In Brazilian regions affected by the citrus sudden death disease, sweet orange cultivation depends on the use of resistant rootstocks. Rangpur lime was mainly replaced by Swingle citrumelo and Sunki mandarin rootstocks, more drought-sensitive ones. The diversification of scion selections is also desirable aiming at the increasing demand for not from concentrate orange juice (NFC) that requires high-quality fruits. In this work, we evaluated the performance of 6 selections of Valencia (IAC, Dom Joao, Late Burjasot IVIA 35-2, Rhode Red SRA 360, Temprana IVIA 25 and Campbell) and Natal IAC sweet oranges grafted onto Swingle citrumelo and Sunki mandarin. The planting occurred in 2001 under rain-fed cultivation in Bebedouro, northern Sao Paulo state, Brazil. The outline was made through randomized blocks in a 7 × 2 factorial design (selections × rootstock), with 4 replications and 2 trees in unit. Both rootstocks performed well in the region. Sunki mandarin rootstock induced greater tree size and production per plant to the scion selections, 38 and 21%, respectively, plus higher precocity of production compared to Swingle citrumelo. The later determined a greater productive efficiency, as well as a greater percentage of juice in general, albeit with lower concentrations of soluble solids and acidity. Natal IAC, Valencia IAC and Rhode Red Valencia selections presented a higher accumulated production, on average, 218.6 kg∙plant−1 (2004 – 2008), and a higher productive efficiency (kg fruit∙m−3 of canopy) due to their smaller tree size. All assessed selections produced fruits with high soluble solids content that were suitable for juice processing.
Highlights
The cultivation of oranges exists in all Brazilian states, with the state of São Paulo being the largest producer, responsible for 74% of Brazilian production in 2014 (IBGE 2016)
The Valencia orange has major economic importance in the world due to its high-quality fruit for juice processing and usually high productivity, whereas the Natal selection is only cultivated in Brazil, with it being a high-quality later-maturing selection compared to the Valencia (Pio et al 2005; Tazima et al 2008)
Citrus sudden death (CSD) disease has been affecting mandarin and orange trees grafted onto Rangpur lime and Volkamer lemon (C. volkameriana Pasq.) since 1999 in the “Triângulo Mineiro”, region of Minas Gerais state, and in the north of São Paulo state (Müller et al 2002)
Summary
The cultivation of oranges exists in all Brazilian states, with the state of São Paulo being the largest producer, responsible for 74% of Brazilian production in 2014 (IBGE 2016) In this state, orange varieties [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] have the following distribution: 43.6% of lateseason selections (Natal, Valencia and Folha Murcha), 18.5% of early-season selections (Hamlin, Westin, Rubi and Valencia Americana), and 33.6% with the Pera midseason selection, besides the less cultivated ones (Fundecitrus 2016). The demand for high quality not from concentrate orange juice (NFC) has remarkably increased (Neves et al 2010), requiring orange selections with better fruit quality. Fruits with this profile have been harvested in the north and center of São Paulo under rain-fed cultivation (Nonino 1995). This situation accelerated the diversification of the rootstocks, especially in these regions
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