Sunflower head enzymatic hydrolysate relives hyperuricemia by inhibiting crucial proteins (xanthine oxidase, adenosine deaminase, uric acid transporter1) and restoring gut microbiota in mice

Abstract

• Sunflower head enzymatic hydrolysate (SHEH) remarkably reduced uric acid level. • SHEH restored intestinal flora and reduced LPS. • Gut microbiota and LPS might be biomarkers for hyperuricemia treating. • SHEH with a lowered renal dysfunction was safer than allopurinol. To exploit an effective natural medicine for hyperuricemia, this research investigated the anti-hyperuricemic efficacy and mechanism of sunflower head enzymatic hydrolysate (SHEH). SHEH, the byproduct from sunflowers could significantly reduce serum uric acid (UA) level, which might cause by inhibition of SHEH on xanthine oxidase (XOD), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and uric acid transporters1 (URAT1). The three targets were crucial proteins to regulate production or excretion of UA. Besides, SHEH could reduce UA excretions and inflammation risk by restoring richness, uniformity and diversity of gut microbiota and remarkably decreasing the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Comparing to positive groups using allopurinol, the natural SHEH decreased the renal dysfunction resulting from hyperuricemia due to lower serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. This work promoted the use of the natural by-products on curing hyperuricemia and revealed the possible mechanism for SHEH to relieve hyperuricemia.