Abstract
Part of the energy consumed in the world comes from limited sources, which eventually are expected to be depleted. The search for alternative sources to meet energy needs is crucial. Biodiesel derived from vegetable oils and animal fats stands out as a biodegradable and renewable alternative source of energy. Sunflower is among the top four oil crops produced worldwide, and Brazil has a high production potential for this crop. This study aimed to identify the sunflower genotypes with the highest potential for biodiesel production in the Pre-amazon region of Brazil, where the advance of agricultural frontier represents an important role on biodiesel production. This study was conducted over 2 years of observations. The following genotypes were used: M734 (T), Helio358, EMBRAPA 122, and BRS G 35. The following parameters were assessed: initial flowering date (IFD), physiological maturity date (PMD), plant height (PH), grain yield (YIELD), thousand achene weight (TAW), and oil content (%OC). The climatic conditions of each experimental period were distinctive and directly affected the results obtained. The genotype Embrapa 122 showed the best performance regarding yield and was recommended for the pre-Amazon region of Brazil as the best adapted genotype to the local environmental conditions.
Highlights
The search for viable alternative sources of energy has generated several research studies on oilseed crops for oil extraction for biodiesel production
Sunflower is a crop with key agronomic characteristics, such as drought tolerance, higher than that of most species commonly grown in Brazil, and its yield is mostly unaffected by latitude, altitude, and photoperiod (Souza et al, 2015)
The sunflower acreage in Brazil remains low due to factors such as the lack of processing industries and studies on crop genotypes in different locations, which could increase productivity, especially in the Pre-amazon region of Brazil, where the advance of agricultural frontier represents an important role on biodiesel production
Summary
The search for viable alternative sources of energy has generated several research studies on oilseed crops for oil extraction for biodiesel production. Brazil has a high potential for biodiesel production from sunflower due to its geographical location, territorial extension, and favorable climate and soil conditions. The sunflower acreage in Brazil remains low due to factors such as the lack of processing industries and studies on crop genotypes in different locations, which could increase productivity, especially in the Pre-amazon region of Brazil, where the advance of agricultural frontier represents an important role on biodiesel production. The agriculture studies in the Pre-Amazon region represent a important role, since results found can be expected to expand to other parts of Amazon, where it is important to maintain sustainability
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