Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of sunflower cake replacing soybean meal in beef cattle diets on the in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM), organic matter (IVDOM), crude protein (IVDCP) and the ruminal fermentation kinetics and parameters. The experiment was analyzed according to a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of four levels of sunflower cake, 0, 200, 400, 600 g kg-1, replacing soybean meal in the concentrate of beef cattle diets. The coefficients of IVDDM, IVDOM and IVDCP presented a quadratic effect with the addition of sunflower cake. The soluble fraction (fraction B) degradation rate and total gas production decreased linearly with the inclusion of sunflower cake. Values of pH in ruminal fluid were higher for levels 0, 200 and 600 g kg-1 sunflower cake. Sunflower cake can replace soybean meal by up to 280 g kg-1 in the concentrate of beef cattle diets, improving the in vitro digestibility of dry matter organic, matter and crude protein. Levels above 400 g kg-1 reduce ruminal digestion rate, digestibility and release of final fermentation products.
Highlights
New trends in ruminant production are aimed at increasingly competitive, sustainable and economically viable production systems (Mesacasa et al, 2012)
Considering the above, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of inclusion of sunflower cake replacing soybean meal in diets for ruminants on the in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM), organic matter (IVDOM), crude protein (IVDCP), as well as the ruminal fermentation kinetics and parameters
The inclusion levels of sunflower cake in beef cattle diets as a substitute for soybean meal showed a quadratic effect (p < 0.001) on in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM) and organic matter (IVDOM), with the point of maximum digestibility reached with the inclusion of 287.5 and 266.6 g kg-1 of sunflower cake in the diet, respectively
Summary
New trends in ruminant production are aimed at increasingly competitive, sustainable and economically viable production systems (Mesacasa et al, 2012). The main products resulting from the sunflower oil extraction are the meal and the cake, which present great potential for use in the feeding of ruminant animals (Goes et al, 2010; Oliveira, Mota, Barbosa, Stein, & Borgonovi, 2007). Sunflower cake contains 22.0% protein content and 22.5% ether extract (Oliveira & Vieira, 2004), and can be considered as protein and energy food. It requires special care with ether extract content, since diets rich in fatty acids can cause digestive disturbances and reduced intake (Palmquist & Jenkins, 1980)
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