Abstract
Background: Few anthelmintics are available for the treatment of hydatid disease caused by the parasite Echinococcus granulosus. The appearance of resistance to synthetic anthelmintics and the adverse side effects of chemical drugs, stimulated the research of alternatives, such as medicinal plants. In the present study, the scolicidal effect of methanolic extract of sumac (Rhus coriaria) was investigated. Methods: Protoscolices were aseptically collected from sheep livers containing hydatid cysts. Three concentrations of sumac extract (10, 30 and 50 mg/mL) were used for 10, 20 and 30 min. Viability of protoscolices was confirmed by 0.1% eosin staining. Results: While the rate of dead protoscolices was 16.93% in the ontrol group, when protoscolices were exposed to sumac extract at the concentration of 10 mg/mL , the rate of dead protoscolices increased to 94.13%, 97.67% and 100% after 10, 20 and 30 minutes, respectively. The mortality rate of protoscolices increased to 98.89%, and 100% when they were exposed to 30 mg/mL concentration of sumac extract for 10 and 20 minutes respectively. One hundred percent mortality rate was observed at concentration of 50 mg/mL after 10 min of exposure. Conclusions: This in vitro study showed that methanolic extract of R.coriaria may be considered as an effective natural scolicidal agent.
Highlights
Many tapeworms alternate their developmental cycle between intestinal stages in one host and tissue stages in another
Rhus coriaria showed high scolicidal activity and its methanolic extract was found to be effective against protoscolices at all three concentrations tested
While the mortality rate of protoscolices was 16.93% in the ontrol group, when protoscolices were exposed to the R. coriaria extract at concentration of 10 mg/mL, the mortality rate increased to 94.13%, 97.67% and 100% after 10, 20 and 30 minutes, respectively
Summary
Many tapeworms alternate their developmental cycle between intestinal stages in one host and tissue stages in another. Hydatid disease is the result of tissue invasion with the intermediate stage of a dog tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus. The invasive intermediate stage (metacestode) takes the form of an enlarging cyst primarily in the liver and lungs of domestic and wild herd animals. There are currently three treatment options for hydatid disease, surgery, ultrasound-guided aspiration, and chemotherapy [3]. The poor response of this infection to most chemotherapeutic agents has made hydatidosis primarily a surgical disease, and the role of chemotherapy is for prophylaxis against spillage during surgery, for the treatment of inoperable cases, or for use in areas without adequate surgical facilities. The mortality rate of protoscolices increased to 98.89%, and 100% when they were exposed to 30 mg/mL concentration of sumac extract for 10 and 20 minutes respectively. Conclusions: This in vitro study showed that methanolic extract of R. coriaria may be considered as an effective natural scolicidal agent
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