Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Syah On the Socio-Economy of Terengganu, 1920-1942

Abstract

The reign of Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah (1920-1942) was a remarkable period in the history of Terengganu. Sultan Sulaiman not merely focused on the fishing industry, but recognised the importance of diversifying the economic activities of Terengganu, a state known for its primary coastal economic activities. The British Assistant Adviser posted in Terengganu, Major H.S. Peterson, confirmed in the early 1930s that the economic development of Terengganu had been proceeding smoothly. This situation indicated that the Sultan was aware of the importance of a more diversified economy to reduce dependence on a single industry for the sustainability of the state and its people. Hence, the aim of this article was to explore the extent of economic success in Terengganu during his reign in the 20th century. In addition, it assessed the development of the textile, copper, and boat industries and how Sultan Sulaiman’s involvement and actions established them as significant economic forces in Terengganu during the stated period. The study employed a qualitative method that involved the collection and analysis of data from primary sources obtained from the National Archives (Kew Garden), namely CO 840/1 (Terengganu Administration Report, 1920-1930) and CO 840/2 (Terengganu Administration Report, 1931-1940). The files of the Secretary State for Terengganu (1920-1942) were also used and obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia and the Terengganu Branch of the National Archives. Furthermore, secondary sources such as journals, books, book chapters, and magazines were used to corroborate the study. The research findings indicate that Sultan Sulaiman, despite being the son of Sultan Zainal Abidin III, successfully forged his own leadership identity and credentials. He even encouraged women to get involved in various economic fields at that time. Moreover, the education system, especially in the textile industry, was emphasised due to the interest of his queen, Tengku Ampuan Mariam, in the handicrafts produced by the people of Terengganu.