Sulphur mineralization and release of soluble organic sulphur from camp and non-camp soils of grazed pastures receiving long-term superphosphate applications

Abstract

Topsoils (0–75 mm) from four soil types with different sulphate retention capacities were collected from stock camp and non-camp (main grazing area) sites of grazed pastures in New Zealand which had been annually fertilized with superphosphate for more than 15 years. These soils were analysed for different S fractions and incubated at 30°C for 10 weeks using an open incubation technique in order to assess the extent of S mineralization and the release of soluble soil organic S from camp and non-camp soils during incubation. The soils were preleached with 0.01 M KCl, followed by 0.04 M Ca(H2PO4)2 before being incubated. Pre-incubation leachates and weekly 0.01 M KCl leachates were analysed for mineralized S (i.e., hydriodic acid-reducible S) and total S. Soluble organic S was estimated as the difference between these two S fractions. Results obtained show higher cumulative amounts of all three S fractions in leachates over a 10-week incubation period in camp than in non-camp soils, suggesting that higher mineralization occurred in camp soils. Cumulative amounts of mineralized S from camp and non-camp soils showed a linear relationship with duration of incubation (R 2≥0.985***), while the cumulative release of soluble organic S followed a quadratic relationship (R 2≥0.975***). A significant proportion (14.6%–40.8%) of total S release in KCl leachates was soluble organic S, indcating that organic S should be taken into account when assessing S mineralization. Mineralized S and soluble organic S were best correlated with 0.01 M CaCl2-extractable soil inorganic S (R 2=0.767***) and 0.04 M Ca(H2PO4)2-extractable soil inorganic S(R 2=0.823***), respectively. Soil sulphate retention capacity was found to influence amounts of mineralized S and soluble organic S, and thus periodic leaching with KCl to remove mineralized S from soils may not adequately reflect the extent of soil S mineralization in high sulphate-retentive soils. In low (<10%) sulphateretentive soils, increasing the superphosphate applications from 188 to 376 kg ha−1 year−1 increased S mineralization but not amounts of C-bonded and hydriodic acid-reducible soil S fractions.