Sulfuryl fluoride fumigation of dried fruits and nuts to control various stored product insects

Abstract

EPPO BulletinVolume 39, Issue 1 p. 29-30 Free Access Sulfuryl fluoride fumigation of dried fruits and nuts to control various stored product insects First published: 11 March 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2009.02226.x European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization Organisation Européenne et Méditerranéenne pour la Protection des Plantes AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat PM 10/4 (1) Specific scope This standard describes the sulfuryl fluoride fumigation of dried fruits and nuts to control various stored product insects. It is an alternative to the standard PM 10/5 Methyl Bromide fumigation of dried fruits and nuts (previously PM 3/9), which may still be used for critical uses. The use of phosphine fumigation of dried fruits and nuts to control various stored product insects is described in the standard PM 10 (in preparation). Specific approval and amendment First approved 2008-09. Introduction Dried fruits and nuts may be often infested by insect pests which affect the quality of the product by feeding and excrements. Most of the insects listed below are cosmopolitan and their spread should be avoided. Commodities/regulated articles Post-harvest commodities such as dried fruits, e.g. raisins, prunes, apricots, walnuts and pistachios. Pests Stored product insects, beetles e.g. Oryzaephilus surinamensis (ORYZSU), Trogoderma variabile (TROGPA) and others and Lepidoptera pests such as Ephestia kuehniella (EPHEKU) and Plodia interpunctella (PLODIN). Treatment schedule Treatment name: sulfuryl fluoride (F2O2S) fumigation of dried fruits and nuts to control various stored product insects Treatment type: chemical Formulation: fumigant gas, packed as a liquid under pressure Concentration: 99.8% Schedule Mode of action: fumigation Growth stage: Post harvest pest control Number of applications: 1–4 (depends on length of commodity storage) Interval between applications: Not applicable, re-application depends on re-infestation of the commodity. Application rate per treatment under atmospheric pressure Temperature, initial dosage and exposure time without vacuum (under atmospheric pressure) Temperature (°C) Initial dose (g/m3) Exposure time (h) 10–20 50–75 24–48 >20 35–60 24–48 Correct dose and time should be calculated with the Fumiguide Calculator provided by the company selling the product. Waiting period Consumption is allowed after product (sulfuryl fluoride) has completely dissipated. Efficacy of treatment Product recently registered in Austria and Germany. Notes The dose depends on the temperature. CTP for stored product insects should not exceed 1500 g h/m3. Representative fumigation is conducted with a 24-h fumigation at about 25°C. References Derrick MR, Burgess HD, Baker MT & Binni NE (1990) Sulfuryl fluoride (Vikane®): a review of its use as a fumigant. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 29, 77– 90 http://aic.stanford.edu/jaic/articles/jaic29-01-005.html Kenaga EE (1957) Some biological, chemical and physical properties of sulfuryl fluoride as an insecticidal fumigant. Journal of Economic Entomology 50, 1– 6. Xu G (1998) Development of Sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2), techniques, and equipment of fumigation, a comprehensive study. Plant quarantine, 12 (1), 38– 46. Xu G, Zhongmei C, Zhao S & Nengzhi Q (1999) The development of sulphuryl fluoride (SO2F2), in China – a brief introduction. Proceedings of the 7th International Working Conference on Stored product Protection, 562– 566. Volume39, Issue1April 2009Pages 29-30 ReferencesRelatedInformation