Abstract
The Balcilar (Canakkale) barite-galena mineralization is a typical example of the vein type barite-lead-zinc deposits in the Biga Peninsula. The lithologic units in the study area are Akcaalan andesite, Eocene, Adadagi pyroclastics, Oligocene, Dededag dacite, Miocene, Karaomerler basalt, Plio-Quaternary and alluvium Quaternary. Barite-galena veins occurred along the faults developed within the andesites. Barite, quartz and galena are main minerals and are accompanied by minor amounts of sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, covellite and marcasite. The earliest barite (barite I) occurs as coarse-grained subhedral-euhedral crystals and the later (barite II) as small tabular crystals in between the earlier coarse crystals. Quartz occurs as fine-grained crystals with the later small barite crystals. Galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, marcasite and covellite occur open spaces within the earlier barite (barite I) crystals. Sulfur isotopes indicate that in galena the reduced sulfur from bacterially or inorganically reduced sulphate, or from an isotopically light reduced S-source. The δ34SH2S values calculated from the barite-H2S and galena-H2S fractionation factors, in the same samples, indicate a temperature of between 200 and 300 °C. Relatively lower δ34S values of barites than dissolved sulphate in modern oceans or Eocene sea waters have been evaluated as the ore forming hydrothermal fluids were derived from interacting throughout the magmatic host-rocks.
Highlights
The Biga region is located within the “Tethyan Eurasian Orogenic Belt” [1] or “Tethyan Eurasian Metallogenic Belt” [2], extending from Western Europe through Anatolia to Iran (Figure 1a)
The Balcılar (Çanakkale) barite-galena mineralization is a typical example of the vein type barite-lead-zinc deposits in the Biga Peninsula
The geological characteristics and genesis of the deposits was reported by various authors [3]-[7], whose opinion was that mineralization is vein type, from hydrothermal fluids related to local volcanic activity
Summary
The Biga region is located within the “Tethyan Eurasian Orogenic Belt” [1] or “Tethyan Eurasian Metallogenic Belt” [2], extending from Western Europe through Anatolia to Iran (Figure 1a). It is intensely mineralized, actively explored and mined and is one of the economically important areas of Turkey. There are numerous vein type Cu-Pb-Zn deposits hosted by metamorphic, sedimentary and volcanic rocks (e.g., Koru, Tesbihdere, Balcılar, Kumarlar, Arapuçandere, Bağırkaçdere). The geological characteristics and genesis of the deposits was reported by various authors [3]-[7], whose opinion was that mineralization is vein type, from hydrothermal fluids related to local volcanic activity. This study’s aim is to detail the mineralogy, paragenesis and sulfur-isotope geochemistry which will be combined with fluid inclusion data [10] to better understand the source and role of the mineralizing fluid
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