Sulfur-Functionalized Fullerene Nanoparticle as an Inhibitor and Eliminator Agent on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm and Expression of toxA Gene.

Abstract

Over the last decade, nanotechnology-based therapeutic platforms have been directed toward developing nanoparticles with unique properties to combat biofilms. In this study, we evaluated the antibiofilm activity of the sulfur-functionalized fullerene nanoparticles (SFF Nps) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and also analyzed the effect of this nanoparticle on the expression of exotoxin A (toxA) gene. The functionalized fullerenes were prepared by chemical vapor deposition method. We assessed the potential of SFF Nps to inhibit biofilm formation and eradicate preformed biofilms. Also, the effect of this nanoparticle on the expression of toxA gene was investigated by real-time PCR. The minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration of SFF Nps was 1 mg/mL. The minimum biofilm-eradication concentration of SFF Nps on the young (24- and 48-hr old) and older (72- and 96-hr old) biofilms was 2 and 4 mg/mL, respectively. Field emission electron scanning microscopy images confirmed the potent ability of SFF Nps to eradicate biofilm of P. aeruginosa. The expression of toxA was downregulated in the presence of SFF Nps. In conclusion, considering the ability of SFF Nps to kill P. aeruginosa biofilm and downregulate the expression of exotoxin A, this nanoparticle can be used for treatment of both chronic and acute P. aeruginosa infections.