Abstract
8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) signifies one of the primary byproducts of oxidative DNA damage, thereby being a valuable DNA biomarker. This study presents a label-free, low-cost, smart sensor that could improve evaluation, tracking, and survival rates by allowing for an early assessment of cancer. Herein, we fabricated sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (S-gC₃N₄) embedded in polycaprolactone (PCL) for highly efficient monitoring of 8-OHdG, offering functional groups such as sulfur and nitrogen that facilitate strong binding against 8-OHdG. FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques were utilized to investigate the S-gC3N4/PCL nanocomposite. Interestingly, the nanocomposite demonstrates strong electrochemical responses to the oxidation of 8-OHdG, with a detection limit of 0.24 nM across a wide dynamic concentration range (1 nM–50 μM). Additionally, it exhibits exceptional durability, selectivity, reusability, and repeatability. Additionally, the designed sensor has the potential to measure 8-OHdG levels in individuals and could be used to evaluate early cancer indicators. Furthermore, the S-gC₃N₄/PCL sensor was successfully tested to determine 8-OHdG levels in human samples.
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