Sulforaphane inhibits human bladder cancer cell invasion by reversing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via directly targeting microRNA-200c/ZEB1 axis

Abstract

Sulforaphane (SFN), one of the isothiocyanates, abundantly existed in quite a few of cruciferous vegetables and exhibits effective anticancer activities in our previous experiments. However, its effects on bladder cancer cell invasion and metastasis have only begun to be explored. Here, we investigated the effect of microRNA on bladder cancer cell invasion and the underlying molecular mechanism. According to the gene chip results, SFN obviously increased microRNA-200c (miR-200c) expression, one of the short noncoding RNAs that acts as considerable modulator in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, SFN dose-dependently induced EMT hallmark E-cadherin and down-regulated vimentin and transcriptional repressor ZEB1 at the level of transcription and translation, and these effects can be reversed by miR-200c inhibitor transfection. Remarkably, Transwell assay showed that cell invasiveness ability can be eradicated by silencing of ZEB1. Therefore, these findings firmly suggest that SFN inhibited bladder cancer cell invasion through reversing EMT via targeting miR-200c/ZEB1 axis.