Sulfide invasion in the seagrass Posidonia oceanica at Mediterranean fish farms: assessment using stable sulfur isotopes

Abstract

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 345:93-104 (2007) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps06990 Sulfide invasion in the seagrass Posidonia oceanica at Mediterranean fish farms: assessment using stable sulfur isotopes Morten S. Frederiksen1,3,*, Marianne Holmer1, Elena Díaz-Almela2, Núrià Marba2, Carlos M. Duarte2 1Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark 2Grup d’Oceanografica Interdiciplinar (GOI), Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avancats (CSIB-UIB), Miquel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles, Illes Baelars, Spain 3Present address: Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, Box 570, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland *Email: mofr@natur.gl ABSTRACT: The effect of organic enrichment of sediments on the composition of stable sulfur isotopes (δ34S), sulfide invasion (Fsulfide) and concentrations of total sulfur (TS) and elemental sulfur (S0) in the seagrass Posidonia oceanica was investigated along transects from 3 Mediterranean fish farms in Spain, Italy and Greece. The δ34S decreased and Fsulfide, TS and S0 decreased with distance from the fish farms indicating a higher invasion of sulfide in seagrasses close to the farms. Changes in plant sulfur parameters were linked to sedimentation of organic carbon, sediment organic matter pools and sediment sulfide production (sulfate reduction rates), but relationships were not statistically significant. The most significant changes in seagrass sulfur parameters took place in the roots and rhizomes, whereas leaves showed minor or no changes along the transects and among farms. Roots had the lowest δ34S, indicating that sulfide entered the plants here and moved to the other plant compartments. Significant correlations between S0 and Fsulfide suggested that sulfide derivatives were accumulating inside the plant and isotopic analysis confirmed that the δ34S signal of S0 extracted from the plants was similar to the δ34S of sediment sulfide. The mortality of P. oceanica was negatively correlated to δ34S in the plant, indicating higher plant mortality with increasing sulfide invasion. The usability of stable sulfur isotopes as indicators of seagrass sulfide exposure is good, except in situations with high variation in δ34S of the sulfur sources, as observed at the fish farm in Spain. This variation may be adjusted for by calculating Fsulfide. KEY WORDS: Stable sulfur isotopes · Seagrass · Sulfide · Fish farms · Posidonia oceanica Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Frederiksen MS, Holmer M, Díaz-Almela E, Marba N, Duarte CM (2007) Sulfide invasion in the seagrass Posidonia oceanica at Mediterranean fish farms: assessment using stable sulfur isotopes. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 345:93-104. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps06990 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 345. Online publication date: September 13, 2007 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2007 Inter-Research.