Abstract
Energy storage materials are finding increasing applications in our daily lives, for devices such as mobile phones and electric vehicles. Current commercial batteries use flammable liquid electrolytes, which are unsafe, toxic, and environmentally unfriendly with low chemical stability. Recently, solid electrolytes have been extensively studied as alternative electrolytes to address these shortcomings. Herein, we report the early history, synthesis and characterization, mechanical properties, and Li+ ion transport mechanisms of inorganic sulfide and oxide electrolytes. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of the fabrication technology and experimental conditions, such as the effects of pressure and operating parameters, on the electrochemical performance of all-solid-state Li batteries. In particular, we emphasize promising electrolyte systems based on sulfides and argyrodites, such as LiPS5Cl and β-Li3PS4, oxide electrolytes, bare and doped Li7La3Zr2O12 garnet, NASICON-type structures, and perovskite electrolyte materials. Moreover, we discuss the present and future challenges that all-solid-state batteries face for large-scale industrial applications.
Highlights
Inorganic oxide and sulfide materials have recently been studied as solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) owing to their high safety profile, wide temperature window, and better mechanical properties than those of liquid electrolytes
Argyrodite presents high conductivity; argyrodite-based batteries are easier to fabricate than those featuring oxide-based solid electrolytes, and below, we summarize a series of reports on the synthesis, fabrication, and interfacial properties of argyrodite electrolytes [179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205]
ConIncltuhsisiorneview article, we summarized the recent advances and challenges of ASSBs with sulfides and oInxidtheiselercetvrioelwyteasrytisctleem, ws. eOswuimngmtaortihzedir ethxceelrlecnetnitonaidcvcaonncdeusctainvditiecsh,aLlil3ePnSg4esanodf LAiPSS5BCsl whaitvhe sbuelefindethseamndosot xsitduedieldecsturolfilydtee eslyecstreomlyst.eOs.wTihnegAtoASthBesirfoerxmcedllewntheionntihcesceonedleucctrtiovliytties,wLei3rPeSp4aairnedd
Summary
Inorganic oxide and sulfide materials have recently been studied as solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) owing to their high safety profile, wide temperature window, and better mechanical properties than those of liquid electrolytes. MMoorreeoovveerr,, ddeeppeennddiinngg oonn tthhee mmeecchhaanniiccaall pprrooppeerrttiieess ooff ssuullffiiddee eelleeccttrroollyytteess,, aa ssuuiittaabbllee ssttaacckk pprreessssuurree iiss rreeqquuiirreedd ffoorr tthhee aasssseemmbbllyy ooff AASSSSBBss. OOxxiiddee ssoolliidd eelleeccttrroollyytteess rreeqquuiirree hhiigghh--tteemmppeerraattuurree ((>>770000 °◦CC)) ssiinntteerriinngg ttoo iimmpprroovvee tthhee ppaarrttiiccllee--ppaarrttiiccllee ccoonnttaacctt bbeettwweeeenn eelleeccttrrooddee aanndd eelleeccttrroollyyttee. We report the brief history of each electrolyte system, summarize the recent advances in solid electrolytes (oxides vs sulfides) for ASSB applications, highlight the importance of the cell. We report the brief history of each electrolyte system, summarize the recent advances in solid electrolytes (oxides vs sulfides) for ASSB applications, highlight the importance of the cell fabrication technology and process parameters on the electrochemical storage performance, mechanical properties, and interfacial mechanisms of the cells, and examine the challenges of the large-scale fabrication of ASSBs. we summarize the important recent reports on electrolyte materials. Owing to the vast literature on this topic, we were unable to include and highlight all the pertinent publications in this review; some of the older publications are referenced in the most recent reviews
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