Sulfate Sources of Thermal Sulfate Reduction (TSR) in the Permian Changxing and Triassic Feixianguan Formations, Northeastern Sichuan Basin, China

Pingping Li,Huayao Zou,Fang Hao,Xinya Yu

doi:10.1155/2019/5898901

Abstract

Thermal sulfate reduction (TSR) occurred throughout the Permian Changxing (P2c) and Triassic Feixianguan (T1f) dolostone reservoirs in the western and eastern parts of the Kaijiang-Liangping (K-L) trough in the northeastern part of the Sichuan Basin. To determine the sulfate sources of this TSR, fourteen solid bitumen samples and eight anhydrite samples were collected from the northeastern part of the Sichuan Basin. These samples were analyzed to determine their sulfur isotopes. In addition, untreated, HNO3-treated, and CrCl2-treated solid bitumen samples were analyzed to determine their sulfur isotopes in order to obtain reliable δ34S data for the TSR solid bitumen. The results show that the HNO3 method is more effective at removing pyrite from solid bitumen than the method using CrCl2 thrice because the HNO3-treated solid bitumen has lower sulfur contents and higher δ34S. The δ34S of the T1f solid bitumen samples from the Puguang gas field (in the eastern part of the K-L trough, 12.0-24.0‰) is significantly lower than that of the samples from the Yuanba gas field (in the western part of the K-L trough, 24.1-34.2‰). The δ34S of the T1f1–2 anhydrite is 18.1-26.6‰, which is lower than that of the T1f3–4 anhydrite samples (29.9-39.6‰). The TSR sulfates from the Puguang gas field were most likely from the coeval T1f1–2 evaporating seawater and were enriched during the reflux-seepage dolomitization process. The TSR sulfates from the Yuanba gas field were primarily caused by the evaporation of seawater during the T1f4. First, the evaporating seawater would flow vertically into the P2c reservoirs in the adjacent area, and then, it would flow laterally into the P2c reservoirs in the Yuanba gas field. Considering the fact that the sulfate sources of TSR and the δ34S values of the TSR sulfates are different in the Puguang and Yuanba gas fields, the δ34S of TSR solid bitumen cannot be simply used to show the extent of TSR.

Highlights

Thermal sulfate reduction (TSR) is the reaction of sulfate with a hydrocarbon (1) [1, 2]
Considering the fact that the sulfate sources of TSR and the δ34S values of the TSR sulfates are different in the Puguang and Yuanba gas fields, the δ34S of TSR solid bitumen cannot be used to show the extent of TSR
The purpose of this paper is to determine which method is more effective at removing pyrite from solid bitumen by comparing the CrCl2 and HNO3 methods, to obtain reliable sulfur isotopic data for the solid bitumen, and to analyze the sulfate sources of TSR in the eastern and western parts of the K-L trough in the northeastern part of the Sichuan Basin based on the systematic correlation of the sulfur isotopes of the solid bitumen and anhydrite

Summary

Introduction

Thermal sulfate reduction (TSR) is the reaction of sulfate with a hydrocarbon (1) [1, 2]. As toxic and corrosive H2S can be produced during TSR, the mechanism and products of TSR have been extensively studied [1,2,3,4]. The sulfur in the H2S produced by TSR is derived from dissolved sulfate [1, 3, 5]. Different sulfate sources and whether the sulfates are sufficient or not can affect the H2S concentration [3, 6] and sulfur isotopic composition of H2S. Determining the sulfate source is a key problem to predict the H2S concentration and distribution. Hydrocarbons + SO42− → Altered Hydrocarbons + Solid Bitumen + CO2 + H2S

Objectives

Results

Conclusion