Abstract
Durability of concrete is defined as its ability to resist deterioration after exposure to the environment of its use. This work investigates the performance of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) concrete in sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and combined Na2SO4 and MgSO4 solutions. Concrete bar specimens and cubes were prepared for expansion and strength deterioration tests respectively using RHA replacement at the 7.5% replacement by volume, which had achieved the highest compressive strength, as well as at the 30% replacement by volume, which was the highest replacement for the study. Strength deterioration tests were performed on the 7.5% replacement by the weight of cement. From the expansion test findings, it was concluded that at the 7.5% replacement, RHA could be used with an advantage over 100% cement concrete in MgSO4 environments, whereas at the 30% replacement, RHA could be used with an advantage over 100% cement concrete in both the Na2SO4 and mixed sulfate environments. RHA was also found to be more effective in resisting surface deterioration in all the sulfate solutions. The RHA specimens also exhibited superior strength deterioration resistance in comparison to the 100% cement specimens.
Highlights
Durability of concrete is defined as its ability to resist deterioration, thereby being capable of maintaining its original quality and form once it has been exposed to the environment of its use [1]
The findings confirmed findings in the literature that MgSO4 attacks Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) in SCMs to form the noncementitious Magnesium Silicate Hydrate (M-S-H), and the higher Strength Deterioration Factors (SDFs) recorded for the Rice Husk Ash (RHA) specimens than those of the control specimens in the MgSO4 solution [2]
At the highest compressive strength (7.5% replacement) in expansion, RHA could be used with an advantage over 100% cement in MgSO4 environments
Summary
Durability of concrete is defined as its ability to resist deterioration, thereby being capable of maintaining its original quality and form once it has been exposed to the environment of its use [1]. A poor performance of SCMs in Mg(SO) solutions has been reported, since Mg(SO) mainly affects CS-H, which may result in the loss of strength [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12] Elsewhere, literature has it that permeability, which is defined as the rate at which pressured water can flow through interconnected voids within concrete, or the measure of how a liquid or gas can get through concrete, is the most important aspect of durability, since it slows down the flow of harmful substances into concrete [4], [5]. India China Indonesia Bangladesh Thailand Vietnam Burma Philippines Cambodia Pakistan
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