Abstract
The resource shortage of freshwater and river sand promotes the development of seawater sea-sand concrete (SWSSC). However, most of the previous studies of SWSSC focused on plain ordinary Portland cement (OPC) systems, the poor sulfate resistance of which is detrimental to the durability and sustainability development of SWSSC. High ferrite Portland cement (HFPC) has higher sulfate resistance, higher abrasion resistance, and low energy consumption and CO2 emission in comparison with OPC, thus providing a great alternative for SWSSC. Here, we investigate the sulfate resistance of SWSSC using OPC and HFPC. The deterioration process, the sulfate attack products, and the microstructure changes were analyzed by a series of macro and micro analysis. The results show that OPC concrete is seriously damaged with an 83.9% loss of strength. Seawater sea-sand can improve the sulfate resistance, which is mainly due to the refinement of pore structure and the consumption of erodible components. Moreover, compared with SWSSC using OPC, SWSSC using HFPC shows much better sulfate resistance, and the important role of Fe in increasing the stability of hydration products is revealed. Such findings contribute to an in-depth understanding of the deterioration mechanism and the improvement of sulfate resistance of SWSSC.
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