Abstract
The number of cases of oral cavity inflammation in the population has been recently increasing, with periodontitis being the most common disease. It is caused by a change in the microbial composition of the biofilm in the periodontal pockets. In this context, an increased incidence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the oral cavity has been found, which are a part of the common microbiome of the mouth. This work is devoted to the description of the diversity of SRB isolated from the oral cavity. It also deals with the general description of periodontitis in terms of manifestations and origin. It describes the ability of SRB to participate in its development, although their effect on periodontal inflammation is not fully understood. The production of hydrogen sulfide as a cytochrome oxidase inhibitor may play a role in the etiology. A meta-analysis was conducted based on studies of the occurrence of SRB in humans.
Highlights
Despite the improving oral hygiene of the human population and the availability of professional oral care, the number of inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity has been increasing recently [1]
The aim of this study is to summarize the species diversity of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the oral cavity, to characterize periodontitis and describe the connection between SRB and the products of their metabolism with the etiology of this disease
Non-specific plaque hypothesis (NSPH) is a theory that assumes that pathogenicity is determined by the amount of plaque without distinguishing between individual types of bacteria or their virulence—the disease is caused by a non-specific increase of bacteria [50,60]
Summary
Despite the improving oral hygiene of the human population and the availability of professional oral care, the number of inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity has been increasing recently [1]. One of the most common diseases is periodontitis, which is caused by a change in the microbial composition of the biofilm in the periodontal pockets [2] In this context, an increased incidence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) has been found in the oral cavity, which are a common part of the human oral microbiome [3,4]. SRB are a heterogeneous group of naturally occurring microorganisms that share the ability of dissimilatory sulfate reduction to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) [5–12] They occur in the external environment and as part of the microbiota of organisms, in the intestine and in the oral cavity [3,4,10,11]. In connection to the observed increase of incidence of SRB in the oral cavity in patients with periodontitis, the possibility of toxic effects of H2S on oral epithelial cells is being considered, which could lead to the onset and further development of the disease [5–7,17]. A meta-analysis of current studies on the occurrence of SRB in healthy humans and patients with periodontitis is performed
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