Sujets hyperlipidémiques, des apports nutritionnels inappropriés

Abstract

Gather knowledge on nutritional supplementation in patients with hyperlipidemia. In an observational study on patients with hyperlipidemia, nutritional intake was assessed using a 7-day dietary questionnaire, provided on the first visit to a lipid clinic. 291 patients (201 men and 90 women) were studied. Calorie intake and proportion of energetic nutrients revealed low carbohydrate intake, low intake of dietary fibres, and excessive lipid and saturated fatty acid intakes. Patients with isolated hypercholesterolemia had nutritional intake very similar to the daily allowances recommended in France. Men with type III hyperlipidemia had the highest calorie intake and those with type IV dyslipidemia had the highest alcohol intake. Triglycerides increased with total energy intake and with fat intake (%). Body mass index was inversely correlated to carbohydrate intake. The duration of dyslipidemia was related to low vitamin C and B9 intake. The existence of risk factors (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, smoking or inactivity) was associated with less well-balanced diet and low protective micronutrient status. In the case of atherosclerosis, vitamin B9, C, E and beta-carotene intake was insufficient. Interactions existed between nutrient intake with correlations between fibres, vitamin B9, C and beta-carotene, suggesting that nutritional education should favour foodstuffs that provide them simultaneously. Nutritional intake in patients with hyperlipidemia is often far from that recommended and does not greatly differ from that in large non-selected populations. It can be considered as inappropriate because of the metabolic and cardiovascular risks in these patients. Adapted nutritional management is crucial.