Abstract
Previous suicide attempt is the most important predictor of death by suicide. Thus preventive interventions after attempting to suicide is essential to prevent reattempts. This paper attempts to determine whether phone preventive interventions or other vehicles (postal cards, email and case management) are effective in reattempt prevention and health promotion after discharge by providing an overview of studies on suicide reattempts. The research investigated in this review conducted from 1995 to 2014. A total of 26 cases related to the aim of this research were derived from 36 English articles with the aforementioned keywords Research shows that providing comprehensive aids, social support, and follow-up after discharge can significantly prevent suicide reattempts. Several studies showed that follow-up support (phone calls, crisis cards, mails, postal cards.) after discharge can significantly decrease the risk of suicide. More randomized controlled trials (RCT) are required to determine what factors of follow-up are more effective than other methods.
Highlights
1.1 BackgroundSuicide is a global challenge and a large concern for public health across the world (Yip, 2011)
From 25 cases discussing the effects of follow-ups after discharge including visits, mails, phone messages, postal cards, crisis lines and case management, 12 studies showed a significant decrease in suicidal behaviors
One study reported no significant difference between suicides reattempts in an intervention group following up with postal cards and a control groups which only received standard treatment because some control participants were inadvertently exposed to the intervention, some intervention participants did not consent to get the intervention, and some intervention participants were not exposed to the intervention (Carter, Clover, Whyte, Dawson, & D'Este, 2005)
Summary
1.1 BackgroundSuicide is a global challenge and a large concern for public health across the world (Yip, 2011). Around 800 000 to 1 000 000 people (one every 40 seconds) die by suicide each year (World Health Organization, 2014). According to the World Health Organization, about 40% of all suicides occurs in the world in China, India and Japan (Värnik, 2012). Around 40% of people died by suicide have at least one previous attempt (Cavanagh, Carson, Sharpe, & Lawrie, 2003).There is strong evidence that suicide is preventable (Ono, 2006). Preventing suicide is one of the central parts of the WHO's operational program aimed to decrease suicide rate in countries by 10% in 2020 (World Health Organization, 2014). National suicide prevention strategy can be most effective by determining related risk factors, trying to mitigate these factors and using proper interventions. Interventions after suicide attempt are essential to prevention
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