Abstract
Child-to-parent violence (CPV) is a growing public health problem with consequences for perpetrators and families. Most research has focused on individual and family risk factors. However, little is known about its links with individual outcomes. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between CPV and psychological distress, suicidal ideation, and self-concept in school-aged adolescents, taking into account the gender perspective. A study was conducted with a sample of 8,115 adolescents, aged between 11 and 16 years (M = 13.34; SD = 1.04) from the State of Nuevo León, Mexico. A MANOVA 3 × 2 was performed to analyze the data. The results revealed that adolescents involved in CPV showed higher levels of psychological distress and suicidal ideation and lower levels of family and social self-concept. It was also observed that girls with higher levels of CPV scored the lowest levels of psychological distress and suicidal ideation, as well as the lowest levels of family self-concept. The findings highlight that adolescents and especially girls involved in CPV also report internal maladjustment outcomes. Finally, the results and their implications for research and intervention with adolescents involved in CPV are discussed.
Highlights
Child-to-parent violence (CPV) is defined as repeated behaviors of physical, psychological, or economic violence directed at parents (Pereira et al, 2017; Arias-Rivera and García, 2020)
Our results add to a body of research showing that adolescents engaged in CPV are likely to suffer from stress, and suggests that CPV is associated with higher levels of psychological distress, supporting the General Strain Theory (Brezina, 1999; Agnew, 2006)
Our results suggests that CPV could be the expression of core maladjustment outcomes in adolescents such as suicidal ideation, which is in turn associated with psychological distress
Summary
Child-to-parent violence (CPV) is defined as repeated behaviors of physical, psychological, or economic violence directed at parents (Pereira et al, 2017; Arias-Rivera and García, 2020). In studies conducted in different countries, the prevalence rates of CPV varied: in the US, rates ranged from 14 to 20% in physical CPV and from 34 to 64% in verbal and psychological CPV (Pagani et al, 2004, 2009; Lyons et al, 2015). In Spain, previous studies made with community samples have indicated different values: prevalence ranged from 4.6 to 21% in physical CPV (Calvete et al, 2011; Ibabe and Jaureguizar, 2011); and between 34 and 93% in psychological CPV (Pagani et al, 2004, 2009; Calvete et al, 2017). Regarding the type of CPV (physical or psychological), in previous works different results have been observed, depending
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