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Abstract
The novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is still not under control globally. The pandemic has caused mental health issues among many different cohorts and suicidal ideation in relation to COVID-19 has been reported in a number of recent studies. Therefore, the present study proposed a model to explain the associations between generalized trust, fear of COVID-19, insomnia, and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic among a large-scale Iranian sample. Utilizing cluster sampling with multistage stratification, residents from Qazvin province in Iran were invited to participate in the present study. Adults aged over 18 years (n = 10,843; 6751 [62.3%] females) completed ‘paper–and-pencil’ questionnaires with the assistance of a trained research assistant. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to understand the associations between generalized trust, fear of COVID-19, insomnia, and suicidal ideation. Slightly over one-fifth of the participants (n = 2252; 20.8%) reported suicidal ideation. Moreover, the SEM results indicated that generalized trust was indirectly associated with suicidal ideation via fear of COVID-19 and insomnia. Furthermore, generalized trust was not directly associated with suicidal ideation. The proposed model was invariant across gender groups, age groups, and participants residing in different areas (i.e., urban vs. rural). Generalized trust might reduce individuals’ suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic period via reduced levels of fear of COVID-19 and insomnia. Healthcare providers and policymakers may want to assist individuals in developing their generalized trust, reducing fear of COVID-19, and improving insomnia problems to avoid possible suicidal behaviors.
Highlights
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.The psychological distress induced by the novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)has had a large negative impact across different countries and regions worldwide [1,2,3,4,5,6].With such long-lasting suffering, it is likely that some individuals develop various severe mental health problems, including suicidal ideation [7]
Three important factors are proposed to be important factors contributing to suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic [11,12,13,14,15,16]
A higher prevalence of suicidal ideation was found among those who (i) were female, (ii) had a lower educational level, (iii) were married, and (iv) were living in a city (Table 1)
Summary
Has had a large negative impact across different countries and regions worldwide [1,2,3,4,5,6] With such long-lasting suffering, it is likely that some individuals develop various severe mental health problems, including suicidal ideation [7]. A proposed model was constructed to provide knowledge concerning the underlying psychological mechanisms for healthcare providers to understand how suicidal ideation is generated. In this regard, three important factors (i.e., generalized trust, fear of COVID-19, and insomnia) are proposed to be important factors contributing to suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic [11,12,13,14,15,16]
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