Abstract
This study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation among Brazilian adolescents. The instrument designed for the research was used considering three models with outcomes that identified the following: (a) adolescent had considered suicide, (b) adolescents have planned suicide, and (c) adolescents have attempted suicide. Logistic Regression was used in all models with significance level of 5%. An association between being female and suicidal ideation (OR = 2.18, CI 95% 1.60 to 2.97), suicide planning (OR = 1.80, CI 95% = 1.26–2.56), and suicide attempt (OR = 2.91, CI 95% 1.79 to 4.75) was found. Violent behavior/involvement in fights was associated with thinking about suicide (OR = 2.00, CI 95% = 1.43 to 2.81), suicide planning (OR = 1.65, CI 95% = 1.10–2.46), and suicide attempt (OR = 2.35, CI 95% = 1.49 to 3.70). For cigarette consumption, association was found with suicide ideation (OR = 1.62, CI 95% 1.03 to 2.55), planning (OR = 1.88, CI 95% = 1.15 to 3.08), and attempt (OR = 2.35, CI 95% 1.37 to 4.03). For alcohol consumption, association was found with suicide ideation (OR = 1.93, CI 95% 1.47 to 2.54), planning (OR = 2.22, CI 95% 1.61 to 3.08), and attempt (OR = 1.73, CI 95% 1.15 to 2.59). It was concluded that suicidal ideation was associated with female sex, involvement in fights, and illicit drug use.
Highlights
This study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation among Brazilian adolescents
Suicide rates among children and adolescents in Brazil are relatively low compared with other countries, these rates have increased between 2000 and 2010 and increased from 0.9 to 1.1 per 100 000 children and adolescents, a rate that puts Brazil in the 60th position in a survey conducted in 98 countries on the prevalence of suicides [3]
Teixeira and Luis [5] attempted to justify the higher prevalence among adolescents due to the fact that the adolescence is a period of development with biological, psychological, and social changes, accompanied by conflicts and distresses that tend to favor suicidal ideation
Summary
Suicidal ideation is defined as thoughts, ideas, and the desire to commit suicide, being a frequent behavior among adolescents and characterized as a personality disorder or with the character of emotional blackmail [1, 2]. suicide rates among children and adolescents in Brazil are relatively low compared with other countries, these rates have increased between 2000 and 2010 and increased from 0.9 to 1.1 per 100 000 children and adolescents, a rate that puts Brazil in the 60th position in a survey conducted in 98 countries on the prevalence of suicides [3].According to Vidal et al [4], at some point in life, around 1% to 5% of people may attempt suicide, but the percentage for adolescents can range from 3% to 20% and it has been emphasized that the risk of suicide increases with the number of attempts. Suicidal ideation is defined as thoughts, ideas, and the desire to commit suicide, being a frequent behavior among adolescents and characterized as a personality disorder or with the character of emotional blackmail [1, 2]. Teixeira and Luis [5] attempted to justify the higher prevalence among adolescents due to the fact that the adolescence is a period of development with biological, psychological, and social changes, accompanied by conflicts and distresses that tend to favor suicidal ideation. According to Baggio et al [6], suicidal behavior includes steps such as (a) suicidal ideation; (b) suicide planning; and (c) suicide attempt that may lead to suicide. The easiest steps to identify at population level, in order to map its prevalence to the elaboration of public policies intended to reduce the suicide rates among adolescents are ideation and attempt itself
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