Abstract
Rock mechanics projects, excavations and rock mass monitoring are day-by-day concerns of professionals and scientists of rock engineer. Technological advances observed in the 20 and 21 centuries provided high precision equipment capable of establishing deformation and estimating the rock mass stress remotely and in real time. In addition, in order to confirm and study the data obtained with theses equipment, numerical programs of modeling became more accessible to schools, research centers and private companies. Monitoring an excavation requires, besides understanding fully the rock structure, precise definitions and goals: why, how, where. This article discusses concepts of monitoring, modeling and calibration, as well as presents examples of applications where these questions were successfully answered.
Highlights
A numerical model was built with the software UDEC (Universal Distinct Element Code - Itasca Consulting Groupe) version 3.0
The results in 006 test results were compared to the UDEC and the theoretical model of rheology behavior of the excavation
The convergence curve obtained with the UDEC shows a good relationship with the actual test
Summary
Stress and strain measurements have been done, for many years, with the help of gauges that are read visually by an operator This kind of instrumentation is, invariably, not directly connected to any system of analyses. The data are not gathered continuously over time Their installation is time consuming and it can only be installed in places with relative stability. This article depicts the monitoring procedures using a Monitoring System of underground excavation (Sismo), [11] and the calibrated modeling of an underground Shrinkage Stoping Zinc mine. The instrumentation made it possible to study the effect of blasting in small galleries and to predict the rupture of small pillars. The model was used to study the effect of distressing and the related deformations around an underground opening excavated with drilling and blasting
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