Abstract
Sugarcane is an important crop from Poaceae family, contributing about 80% of the total world’s sucrose with an annual value of around US$150 billion. In addition, sugarcane is utilized as a raw material for the production of bioethanol, which is an alternate source of renewable energy. Moving towards sugarcane omics, a remarkable success has been achieved in gene transfer from a wide variety of plant and non-plant sources to sugarcane, with the accessibility of efficient transformation systems, selectable marker genes, and genetic engineering gears. Genetic engineering techniques make possible to clone and characterize useful genes and also to improve commercially important traits in elite sugarcane clones that subsequently lead to the development of an ideal cultivar. Sugarcane is a complex polyploidy crop, and hence no single technique has been found to be the best for the confirmation of polygenic and phenotypic characteristics. To better understand the application of basic omics in sugarcane regarding agronomic characters and industrial quality traits as well as responses to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses, it is important to explore the physiology, genome structure, functional integrity, and collinearity of sugarcane with other more or less similar crops/plants. Genetic improvements in this crop are hampered by its complex genome, low fertility ratio, longer production cycle, and susceptibility to several biotic and abiotic stresses. Biotechnology interventions are expected to pave the way for addressing these obstacles and improving sugarcane crop. Thus, this review article highlights up to date information with respect to how advanced data of omics (genomics, transcriptomic, proteomics and metabolomics) can be employed to improve sugarcane crops.
Highlights
Sugarcane is the main supplier of world sugar, accounting for 80% of global sugar production
The results show that most of 74 exclusives proteins of control plants are related to cell wall metabolism, suggesting that drought affects negatively the cell wall metabolism; 37 transcription factors (TFs) that were associated to protein domains, such as leucine-rich, C2H2, NAC, C3H, LIM, Myb-related, heat shock factor (HSF) and auxin response factor (ARF), are identified
Marquardt et al [133] illustrated that the photosynthesis and stomatal conductivity were lower on the canopy basis, while the sucrose levels increased in the leaves, reflecting some of the early changes induced in Yellow Canopy Syndrome (YCS) symptomatic plants
Summary
Sugarcane is the main supplier of world sugar, accounting for 80% of global sugar production (http://www.sucden.com/). (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) in order to achieve higher yields, higher sucrose content, and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, as well as to understand their genetic regulation and mechanisms [6,7,8,9]. Much work was carried out on sugarcane genome mapping experiments to detect marker-trait sugarcane resistance and tolerance to herbicides, cold, drought, and salinity stress, as well as plant associations and to validate different essential genes [6,10].helped. Metabolite analysis provides a deeper understanding of the proteomic approaches, such as two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) [7] and complex regulatory of potential metabolites 2D-DIGE, Fourier-transform spectroscopy; HPLC, High-performance liquid gel; chromatography; Ultraviolet light; SDS, Sodium dodecyl sulfate; PAGE, polyacrylamide gel; 2D-DIGE, Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis; iTRAQ, Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation; QTL, Quantitative trait loci; GM, Genetics modification; ICAT, Isotope-coded affinity tag; RAD-Seq, Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing
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