Sugar transport in Coprinus cinereus

Abstract

Two transport systems for glucose were detected: a high affinity system with a K m of 27 μM, and a low affinity system with a K m of 3.3 mM. The high affinity system transported glucose, 2-deoxy- d-glucose ( K m = 26 μM ), 3-O- methylglucose (K m = 19 μM ), d-glucosamine ( K m = 652 μM ), d-fructose ( K m = 2.3 mM ) and l-sorbose ( K m = 2.2 mM ). All sugars were accumulated against concentration gradients. The high affinity system was strongly or completely inhibited by N- ethylmaleimide , quercetin, 2,4-dinitrophenol and sodium azide. The system had a distinct pH optimum (7.4) and optimum temperature (45°C). The low affinity system transported glucose, 2-deoxy- d-glucose ( K m = 7.5 mM ), and 3-O- methylglucose ( K m = 1.5 mM ). Accumulation again occurred against a concentration gradient. The low affinity system was inhibited by N- ethylmaleimide , quercetin and 2,4-dinitrophenol, but not by sodium azide. The rate of uptake by the low affinity system was constant over a wide temperature range (30–50°C) and was not much affected by pH; but as the pH of the medium was altered from 4.5 to 8.9 a co-ordinated increase in affinity for 2-deoxy- d-glucose (from 52.1 mM to 0.3 mM) and decrease in maximum velocity (by a factor of five) occurred. Both uptake systems were present in sporelings germinated in media containing sodium acetate as sole carbon source. Only the low affinity system could initially be demonstrated in glucose-grown tissue, although the high affinity system was restored by starvation in glucose-free medium. The half-time for restoration of high affinity activity was 3.5 min and the process was unaffected by cycloheximide. Addition of glucose to an acetate-grown culture inactivated the high affinity system with a half-life of 5–7.5 s. Addition of cycloheximide to an acetate-grown culture caused decay of the high affinity system with a half-life of 80 min. Regulation is thus thought to depend on modulation of protein activity rather than synthesis, and the kinetics of glucose, 2-deoxy- d-glucose and 3-O- methylglucose uptake would be consistent with there being a single carrier showing negative co-operativity.